IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY INDUSTRIES AND TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article examines approaches to identifying priority sectors and types of economic activity within the system of ensuring the technological competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy. It is substantiated that the determination of structural and sectoral economic priorities constitutes the initial stage in the formation of an effective state policy for technological development and strengthening the competitive positions of the national economy. It is emphasized that under the conditions of a full-scale war and profound structural transformations, the identification of priority sectors should take into account the security needs of the state, resource constraints, the potential for technological development, and the prospects for Ukraine’s integration into global economic and innovation systems. It is determined that during the wartime period, key importance for ensuring economic resilience and maintaining the functioning of critical infrastructure belongs to the defense-industrial complex, information and communication technologies, energy and energy security technologies, logistics and transport infrastructure, as well as the high-tech agro-industrial sector. The development of these sectors contributes to the formation of critically important technological competencies and generates multiplier effects for other sectors of the economy. It is substantiated that in the post-war period strategic economic priorities should be oriented toward structural modernization and the formation of an innovation-driven model of economic development. The key directions of such development include high-tech mechanical engineering, renewable energy, the hydrogen economy, digital economy and information technologies, biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, a high-tech agro-industrial complex with advanced processing industries, modern construction industry, and innovative reconstruction technologies.